{"id":2832,"date":"2018-07-31T16:16:30","date_gmt":"2018-07-31T16:16:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/?page_id=2832"},"modified":"2018-08-01T08:00:37","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T08:00:37","slug":"bir-bakista-acik-erisim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/acik-erisim\/bir-bakista-acik-erisim\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Bak\u0131\u015fta A\u00e7\u0131k Eri\u015fim"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim, bilimsel literat\u00fcr\u00fcn internet arac\u0131yla finansal, yasal ve teknik bariyerler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, eri\u015filebilir, okunabilir, kaydedilebilir, kopyalanabilir, yazd\u0131r\u0131labilir, taranabilir, tam metne ba\u011flant\u0131 verilebilir, dizinlenebilir, yaz\u0131l\u0131ma veri olarak aktar\u0131labilir ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yasal ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir bi\u00e7imde kamuya \u00fccretsiz a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0131zla y\u00fckselen maliyetler, bilimsel ileti\u015fimin geni\u015f platformlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma etkisinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve dijital miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131na duyulan ihtiya\u00e7, a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenlerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Finansal ve yasal engelleri kald\u0131rarak bilimsel bilginin \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi, \u201cadil kullan\u0131m\u201d hakk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rarak bilimsel etkisini y\u00fckseltmesi, at\u0131f oranlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131na etkisi (%50-300) ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n literat\u00fcre daha geni\u015f alandan bakmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimin ba\u015fl\u0131ca tercih edilme nedenleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimin yararlar\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<br \/>\n\u2022 Entelekt\u00fcel \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n\u2022 Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n etkisini art\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0130novasyon sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n\u2022 Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tekrar\u0131n\u0131 ve intihali \u00f6nler.<br \/>\n\u2022 Bilimsel rekabet ortam\u0131nda avantaj olu\u015fturur.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u2022 Disiplinler aras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00d6\u011fretim materyallerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k eder.<br \/>\n\u2022 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetlerinin y\u00f6netimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek \u00e7ok \u00fcniversite misyon ve vizyonunu; \u201cbilimsel bilgi \u00fcretiminde m\u00fckemmele ula\u015fabilmek ve \u00fcretilen bu bilginin ulusal\/uluslararas\u0131 alanda yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve hizmetler ortaya konulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmesini sa\u011flayabilmek\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, akademisyenlerin ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilimsel bilgi, di\u011fer meslekta\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilimsel etik kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce eri\u015filebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Akademik bilgiye eri\u015fim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, akademik camia i\u00e7in daha nitelikli bilgi ve buna dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetler meydana getirilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir destek fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<br \/>\nAc\u0327\u0131k eris\u0327im, kamu kaynaklar\u0131yla desteklenen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan \u00fcretilen yay\u0131nlara eri\u015fimde standart yo\u0308ntem olarak kabul edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Komisyonu 2012\u2019de Avrupa Birlig\u0306i (AB) u\u0308yesi u\u0308lkelerin ulusal ac\u0327\u0131k eris\u0327im politikalar\u0131n\u0131 gelis\u0327tirmelerini, aras\u0327t\u0131rma yapan ve destekleyen kurumlar\u0131n da bu dog\u0306rultuda hareket etmelerini ve gelis\u0327tirilen politikalar\u0131n ulusal du\u0308zeyde ve Avrupa c\u0327ap\u0131nda koordine edilmesini o\u0308nermis\u0327tir. Dahas\u0131, 2014-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan c\u0327erc\u0327eve program\u0131nda (Ufuk 2020) AB fonlar\u0131yla desteklenecek aras\u0327t\u0131rmalar ic\u0327in ac\u0327\u0131k eris\u0327im zorunlu hale getirilmis\u0327tir.<br \/>\n\u00dccretli abonelikler yoluyla eri\u015filen ticari akademik yay\u0131nlar\u0131n bilimsel bilginin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki etkisi elbette yads\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak giderek artan maliyetler nedeniyle, bilimsel yay\u0131nlara sadece maddi imkan\u0131 iyi olan kurumlar\u0131n akademisyen ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 grubu eri\u015febilmektedir. Bilimsel ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131na sebep olan bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ise nitelikli bilginin \u00fcretilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir engeldir.<br \/>\n\u00d6zellikle kamu kaynaklar\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na, \u0130nternet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla finansal, yasal ve teknik bariyerler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n; eri\u015filebilir, okunabilir, kaydedilebilir, kopyalanabilir, yazd\u0131r\u0131labilir, taranabilir, tam metne ba\u011flant\u0131 verilebilir, dizinlenebilir, yaz\u0131l\u0131ma veri olarak aktar\u0131labilir ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yasal ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir bi\u00e7imde kamuya \u00fccretsiz a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede yasal zorunluluk haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu konuda yasa \u00e7\u0131karan ya da \u00e7\u0131karma a\u015famas\u0131nda olan \u00fclkeler bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00d6rne\u011fin; \u0130spanya, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Arjantin ve Yunanistan). Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonu da\u011f\u0131tan kurumlar ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara destek sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fulu olarak \u00fcretilecek bilimsel makale, teknik rapor, tez gibi yay\u0131nlar\u0131n herkesin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fula de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerde kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan \u00fcniversiteler (\u00d6rne\u011fin; Harvard, Berkeley, MIT, Oxford) ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar (\u00d6rne\u011fin; Wellcome Trust) da dahildir.<br \/>\nBu ba\u011flamda ulusal a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n da ulusal politikalara paralel politikalar benimsemesi gerekmektedir. Kamu kaynaklar\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fime sunulmas\u0131 ve uzun d\u00f6nemli korunmas\u0131 konusunda \u00fclkemizde fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n da benzer politikalar\u0131 benimsemeleri ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nBug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde \u00fcretilen akademik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lara de\u011fil eri\u015febilmek, bunlar\u0131n tespitinde bile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bu engeli ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131 ile bilimsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131n tam bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim ve uzun d\u00f6nemli ar\u015fivlemeye imkan verecek bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ar\u015fivde depolanmal\u0131d\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim, bilimsel literat\u00fcr\u00fcn internet arac\u0131yla finansal, yasal ve teknik bariyerler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, eri\u015filebilir, okunabilir, kaydedilebilir, kopyalanabilir, yazd\u0131r\u0131labilir, taranabilir, tam metne ba\u011flant\u0131 verilebilir, dizinlenebilir, yaz\u0131l\u0131ma veri olarak<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2804,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2832","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2832"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2889,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2832\/revisions\/2889"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ankos.org.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}